understanding your skin

Eczema

Understanding Eczema

Eczema is a common inflammatory skin condition that can affect people of all ages. Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common forms of eczema. It can cause the skin to become dry, itchy, irritated and uncomfortable.

Eczema is not contagious. Atopic dermatitis is associated with changes in the skin barrier and immune response, making the skin more susceptible to moisture loss and irritation.

Common Signs & Symptoms

• Dry, rough or scaly skin
• Persistent itching
• Redness or changes in skin colour
• Cracked or irritated areas
• Periodic flare-ups when symptoms become more noticeable

What Can Trigger Eczema?

Triggers vary between individuals but may include soaps, fragrances, certain skincare ingredients, changes in temperature, dry air, stress and contact with irritating materials.

Understanding your personal triggers can help you make more informed skincare choices.

Caring for Eczema-Prone Skin

Gentle everyday skincare can help support the skin's natural protective barrier.

• Use mild, fragrance-free cleansers, particularly during flare-ups.
• Moisturise regularly, particularly after bathing.
• Avoid harsh exfoliation and unnecessary fragrances.
• Keep showers comfortably warm rather than hot.
• Choose skincare products suited to sensitive skin and avoid ingredients known to cause irritation.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seek advice from a healthcare professional if eczema is persistent, worsening, interfering with sleep, or showing signs of infection such as weeping, crusting, increasing pain or swelling.

A Gentle Approach to Skincare

Eczema-prone skin often benefits from simplicity, consistency and products that help maintain moisture without unnecessary irritation.

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Psoriasis

Understanding Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a long-term inflammatory condition involving the immune system. It causes skin cells to build up more quickly than usual, resulting in patches of thickened, dry or scaly skin.

Psoriasis is not contagious. It can affect people of all ages and may appear on different parts of the body, including the elbows, knees, scalp and lower back.

Symptoms can come and go, with periods of increased activity known as flare-ups.

Common Signs & Symptoms

• Raised or thickened patches of skin
• Dry, scaly areas that may appear silvery or whitish
• Pink, red, violet or darker patches, depending on skin tone
• Itching, tenderness or burning sensations
• Cracked skin that may occasionally bleed
• Changes to fingernails or toenails in some people

What Can Trigger Psoriasis?

Psoriasis triggers vary between individuals. Common triggers may include stress, infections, skin injuries, cold or dry weather, smoking and certain medications.

Some people experience flare-ups without an obvious trigger. Understanding patterns in your symptoms can help you work with a healthcare professional to manage the condition.

Caring for Psoriasis-Prone Skin

While everyday skincare does not replace medical treatment, a gentle and consistent routine can help maintain moisture and improve skin comfort.

• Choose mild cleansers, preferably fragrance-free when the skin is irritated.
• Moisturise regularly to help reduce dryness and support the skin barrier.
• Avoid harsh scrubbing or picking at scaly patches.
• Use comfortably warm rather than hot water when bathing.
• Choose fragrance-free or lightly fragranced products that your skin tolerates without irritation.
• Follow any treatment plan recommended by your healthcare professional.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seek medical advice if you suspect psoriasis, experience persistent or worsening symptoms, or find that the condition is affecting your everyday life.

Joint pain, stiffness or swelling should also be assessed, as some people with psoriasis develop an associated condition called psoriatic arthritis.

A Gentle Approach to Skincare

Living with psoriasis can involve periods of change. Regular moisturising, gentle skincare and appropriate medical support can help you care for your skin and manage discomfort.

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Rosacea

Understanding Rosacea

Rosacea is a long-term inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects the face, particularly the cheeks, nose, forehead and chin. It can cause persistent redness, flushing, sensitivity and sometimes small bumps that resemble acne.

Rosacea is not contagious and can affect people of all skin tones. On darker skin, redness may be less noticeable, while warmth, swelling, sensitivity or changes in skin texture may be more apparent.

Symptoms often fluctuate, with periods when the skin becomes more reactive or uncomfortable.

Common Signs & Symptoms

• Frequent facial flushing or warmth
• Persistent redness or changes in facial skin colour
• Stinging, burning or sensitive skin
• Small red or inflamed bumps
• Visible tiny blood vessels in some individuals
• Dryness, roughness or swelling
• Eye irritation or dryness in some people

What Can Trigger Rosacea?

Rosacea triggers differ from person to person. Common examples include sun exposure, heat, sudden temperature changes, stress, spicy foods, alcohol and certain skincare products.

Some people find that fragranced products, harsh exfoliants or strong cleansing ingredients aggravate their skin.

Identifying individual triggers can help reduce unnecessary irritation and support a more comfortable skincare routine.

Caring for Rosacea-Prone Skin

Rosacea-prone skin often benefits from a simple, gentle routine that protects the skin barrier and avoids unnecessary irritation.

• Choose mild, fragrance-free cleansers, particularly if your skin stings or flushes easily.
• Use a gentle moisturiser to help maintain skin hydration.
• Avoid harsh exfoliation, abrasive scrubs and irritating ingredients.
• Wash with lukewarm rather than hot water.
• Apply broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen regularly when outdoors.
• Introduce new skincare products gradually and monitor how your skin responds.
• Follow any medical treatment recommended for your condition.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seek advice from a healthcare professional if facial redness, flushing, irritation or persistent bumps are affecting your comfort or wellbeing.

Rosacea can also affect the eyes. Eye pain, light sensitivity or changes in vision require prompt medical assessment.

A Gentle Approach to Skincare

Living with rosacea often means learning what your skin responds to best. Gentle cleansing, consistent moisturising, sun protection and appropriate medical care can all play a role in supporting skin comfort.

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Acne

Understanding Acne

Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become blocked with excess oil and dead skin cells. This can lead to blackheads, whiteheads, pimples and sometimes deeper, inflamed spots.

Although acne is particularly common during adolescence because of hormonal changes, it can affect people of all ages.

Acne is not caused simply by poor hygiene, and having acne does not mean someone is failing to care for their skin.

Common Signs & Symptoms

• Blackheads and whiteheads
• Small red or inflamed pimples
• Oily or shiny skin
• Tender or uncomfortable spots
• Deeper lumps or cysts in more severe cases
• Dark marks or scarring following inflammation

What Can Contribute to Acne?

Acne develops through a combination of factors, including excess oil production, blocked follicles, inflammation and the activity of bacteria naturally present on the skin.

Hormonal changes, family history, certain medications and some skincare or haircare products can also influence acne.

Stress may worsen existing acne in some people, although it is not usually the underlying cause.

Caring for Acne-Prone Skin

A consistent, gentle skincare routine can help maintain skin comfort without unnecessarily aggravating inflamed areas.

• Cleanse gently, generally twice daily and after heavy sweating.
• Choose non-comedogenic skincare products that are less likely to block pores.
• Use a lightweight moisturiser suited to your skin type.
• Choose fragrance-free or lightly fragranced cleansers that do not irritate your skin.
• Avoid harsh scrubbing, abrasive exfoliants and over-cleansing.
• Resist squeezing or picking pimples, which may increase inflammation and scarring.
• Use broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen when outdoors.
• Follow professional advice about appropriate acne treatments where needed.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seek advice from a healthcare professional if acne is persistent, painful, widespread, causing scarring or affecting confidence and emotional wellbeing.

Early treatment is particularly important for deeper or inflammatory acne because it can help reduce the risk of permanent scarring.

A Gentle Approach to Skincare

Acne-prone skin deserves patience and care. A simple, consistent routine, suitable products and appropriate professional treatment can help support skin health through the different stages of life.

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Contact Dermatitis

Understanding Contact Dermatitis

Contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition that develops when the skin reacts to something it has touched. It can cause redness, dryness, itching, irritation and sometimes cracking or blistering.

There are two main types of contact dermatitis: irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.

Irritant contact dermatitis occurs when substances or repeated exposure damage the skin's protective barrier. Common causes include detergents, cleaning products, soaps and frequent contact with water.

Allergic contact dermatitis develops when the immune system reacts to a particular substance, such as certain fragrances, preservatives, metals or rubber chemicals.

Contact dermatitis is not contagious. It commonly affects the hands because they are frequently exposed to water, cleaning products and other everyday materials.

Common Signs & Symptoms

• Dry, rough or flaky skin
• Redness or changes in skin colour
• Itching, stinging or burning sensations
• Cracked or painful skin, particularly around the fingers and palms
• Swelling or small blisters in some cases
• Skin that becomes increasingly sensitive after repeated exposure

What Can Trigger Contact Dermatitis?

Triggers depend on the type of contact dermatitis and the individual's skin sensitivity.

Common examples include:

• Frequent dishwashing and prolonged exposure to water
• Dishwashing liquids, laundry detergents and household cleaning products
• Repeated handwashing, particularly with harsh soaps
• Fragrances, preservatives and certain skincare ingredients
• Metals such as nickel
• Rubber chemicals and other substances found in some protective gloves
• Workplace exposure to cleaning agents, chemicals or other irritants

Repeated exposure to water and detergents can gradually weaken the skin barrier, sometimes causing irritation even when no specific allergy is present.

Caring for Contact Dermatitis-Prone Skin

Protecting the skin from repeated irritation is an important part of managing contact dermatitis.

• Use mild, fragrance-free cleansers where possible, especially if fragrance is a known trigger.
• Moisturise regularly, especially after washing your hands.
• Use suitable protective gloves when washing dishes or handling cleaning products.
• Keep the inside of protective gloves dry and avoid wearing damp gloves for prolonged periods.
• Use lukewarm rather than hot water when washing.
• Dry your hands gently, including between the fingers.
• Avoid products or materials known to cause irritation or allergic reactions.
• Seek professional advice about persistent symptoms or possible allergies.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seek advice from a healthcare professional if the skin becomes persistently inflamed, painful, cracked or difficult to manage, or if symptoms interfere with everyday activities or work.

Medical assessment may help identify whether irritation, an allergy or another skin condition is responsible. Allergy testing may be appropriate in some cases.

Seek prompt medical attention if there are signs of infection, such as increasing pain, warmth, swelling, pus or fever.

A Gentle Approach to Skincare

Our hands work hard every day. Protecting them from unnecessary exposure, maintaining moisture and choosing gentle skincare practices can help support the skin's protective barrier and everyday comfort.

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Xerosis (Very Dry Skin)

Understanding Xerosis

Xerosis is the medical term for abnormally dry skin. It occurs when the skin loses too much moisture or does not have enough natural oils to maintain its protective barrier.

Very dry skin can develop anywhere on the body but is particularly common on the hands, arms, legs, elbows and feet.

One familiar example is dry, cracked heels. The skin around the heels naturally experiences pressure and friction from standing and walking. When it becomes excessively dry and thickened, cracks may develop.

Xerosis becomes more common with age, but it can affect people of all ages and skin types.

Common Signs & Symptoms

• Dry, rough or tight-feeling skin
• Flaking, scaling or an ashy appearance
• Itching or mild irritation
• Fine lines or cracks in the skin
• Thickened or hardened skin around the heels
• Deeper, painful cracks in more severe cases

What Can Contribute to Xerosis?

Very dry skin can develop for several reasons, including environmental conditions, everyday habits and changes within the skin itself.

Common contributing factors include:

• Cold weather and low humidity
• Frequent washing and prolonged exposure to hot water
• Harsh soaps, detergents and cleaning products
• Age-related reductions in natural skin oils
• Inadequate moisturising
• Repeated friction or pressure on the feet and heels
• Certain medical conditions or medications

Sometimes persistent dryness may be associated with an underlying skin or health condition, rather than environmental exposure alone.

Caring for Very Dry Skin

Regular moisturising and gentle skincare are important for maintaining the skin's protective barrier and reducing moisture loss.

• Use gentle, fragrance-free or lightly fragranced cleansers that your skin tolerates well.
• Apply a rich moisturiser regularly, especially after bathing.
• Choose moisturisers containing ingredients such as glycerin, ceramides or petrolatum where appropriate.
• Keep showers comfortably warm rather than hot.
• Avoid abrasive scrubbing or harsh exfoliation.
• Protect your hands when using detergents or cleaning products.
• For dry heels, use suitable footwear and moisturise consistently.
• Avoid cutting or aggressively removing thickened skin from the heels.

Special Care for Cracked Heels

Cracked heels can be uncomfortable and may worsen when thickened, dry skin is placed under repeated pressure.

Regular use of an appropriate heel moisturiser may help soften hardened skin. Products containing urea can be useful for thickened heel skin, although stronger preparations may sting on open cracks.

Deep cracks, bleeding or signs of infection should be assessed by a healthcare professional. People with diabetes, poor circulation or reduced sensation in their feet should seek professional advice rather than attempting to treat significant cracks themselves.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seek advice from a healthcare professional if dryness is severe, persistent, painful or accompanied by significant cracking, bleeding, inflammation or signs of infection.

Medical assessment may also be appropriate when dry skin develops unexpectedly or does not improve with regular skincare.

A Gentle Approach to Skincare

Very dry skin often benefits from consistent attention. Gentle cleansing, regular moisturising and protection from unnecessary irritation can help maintain moisture, support the skin barrier and improve everyday comfort.

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Seborrhoeic Dermatitis

Understanding Seborrhoeic Dermatitis

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition that mainly affects areas where the skin produces more natural oil, particularly the scalp, eyebrows, sides of the nose, ears and beard area.

It can cause flaking, redness, irritation and patches of skin that appear oily or dry. Dandruff is a milder, less inflamed form of the condition affecting the scalp.

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is not contagious and is not caused by poor hygiene. It often follows a recurring pattern, with symptoms improving at times and returning during flare-ups.

The condition can affect people of different ages and skin tones, including infants, in whom it may appear as cradle cap.

Common Signs & Symptoms

• White or yellowish flakes on the scalp or hair
• Dry-looking or greasy scales around the hairline
• Redness or changes in skin colour
• Flaking around the eyebrows, ears or sides of the nose
• Mild itching or irritation
• Recurring patches of flaky or inflamed skin
• Occasional irritation in the beard area or on the chest

What Can Contribute to Seborrhoeic Dermatitis?

The exact cause is not fully understood. The condition is associated with the skin's inflammatory response to naturally occurring yeasts known as Malassezia, which are normally present on human skin.

Natural skin oils, individual skin sensitivity and changes in skin barrier function may also play a role.

Factors that may contribute to flare-ups include:

• Cold weather and seasonal changes
• Stress and inadequate sleep
• Individual skin sensitivity
• Some irritating haircare or skincare products
• Certain underlying health conditions

Because triggers differ between individuals, recognising personal patterns may help with everyday management.

Caring for Seborrhoeic Dermatitis-Prone Skin

Gentle everyday care can help maintain comfort, although seborrhoeic dermatitis often requires specific treatment to control recurring inflammation and flaking.

• Cleanse affected facial areas gently using a mild, non-soap cleanser.
• Avoid harsh scrubbing, scratching or picking at scales.
• Use lukewarm rather than hot water when washing.
• Choose fragrance-free products when the skin is inflamed; lightly fragranced products may be suitable only if they are well tolerated.
• Use a suitable lightweight moisturiser if the skin feels dry or tight.
• Avoid excessive use of heavy or oily products if they worsen symptoms.
• Follow professional advice about suitable medicated shampoos or topical treatments.

Special Care for the Scalp

Scalp seborrhoeic dermatitis may resemble ordinary dandruff, but persistent inflammation, itching or greasy scaling can require additional care.

Medicated anti-dandruff or antifungal shampoos containing ingredients such as ketoconazole or selenium sulphide are commonly used to help manage scalp symptoms.

These products should be used according to their instructions or advice from a healthcare professional. They are different from ordinary cosmetic shampoos and scalp oils.

Avoid aggressively scraping or removing flakes, as this may worsen irritation.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seek advice from a healthcare professional if scalp or facial irritation is persistent, worsening, painful or not responding to appropriate care.

Medical assessment is also recommended if there is significant inflammation, crusting, suspected infection or uncertainty about the diagnosis.

Other skin conditions, including psoriasis and eczema, can sometimes resemble seborrhoeic dermatitis, so an accurate diagnosis is important.

A Gentle Approach to Skincare

Living with recurring scalp or facial irritation can be frustrating. Understanding the condition, choosing gentle everyday skincare and using appropriate treatment when needed can help maintain comfort and support long-term skin wellbeing.

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Sensitive Skin

Understanding Sensitive Skin

Sensitive skin is a common concern in which the skin reacts more readily to everyday products, environmental conditions or physical contact. It may feel uncomfortable even when there are few visible changes.

People with sensitive skin often describe sensations such as stinging, burning, itching, tingling or tightness, particularly after using skincare products or being exposed to heat, cold or other triggers.

Sensitive skin is not necessarily a separate medical condition. It can be associated with changes in the skin barrier, increased sensitivity of skin nerves or an underlying condition such as eczema, rosacea or contact dermatitis.

Sensitivity can affect any skin type, including dry, oily and combination skin, and may develop at different stages of life.

Common Signs & Symptoms

• Stinging or burning after applying skincare products
• Redness or changes in skin colour
• Itching, tingling or tightness
• Dryness, roughness or occasional flaking
• Discomfort following washing or cleansing
• Sensitivity to changes in temperature
• Reactions to products that other people may tolerate comfortably

What Can Trigger Sensitive Skin?

Triggers differ between individuals, and skin that is normally comfortable may become more sensitive during periods of irritation or environmental stress.

Common triggers may include:

• Fragrances, essential oils and certain skincare ingredients
• Harsh soaps and strong cleansing products
• Over-exfoliation or abrasive scrubs
• Hot water and prolonged bathing
• Cold weather, wind and low humidity
• Sun exposure and excessive heat
• Friction from clothing, towels or repeated rubbing
• Changes in hormones or certain medications

Even products described as natural or botanical can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. Understanding how your own skin responds is more important than relying on product descriptions alone.

Caring for Sensitive Skin

A simple, consistent skincare routine can help reduce unnecessary irritation and support the skin's protective barrier.

• Choose gentle cleansers, preferably fragrance-free when your skin is particularly reactive.
• Use a moisturiser that suits your skin and does not cause stinging or irritation.
• Avoid harsh scrubs and excessive exfoliation.
• Wash with lukewarm rather than hot water.
• Introduce one new skincare product at a time.
• Test new products on a small area of skin before wider use.
• Use broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen and other sun protection when outdoors.
• Keep your routine simple and avoid unnecessary changes when your skin is irritated.

Choosing Skincare Products

When selecting products for sensitive skin, look beyond marketing descriptions and consider the ingredients, formulation and how your skin has responded to similar products in the past.

Fragrance-free products and those with fewer potentially irritating ingredients may be better tolerated by some people. Lightly fragranced products may also be tolerated by some individuals, but lower fragrance levels do not eliminate the risk of irritation or allergy.

If a product causes persistent stinging, burning, redness or irritation, discontinue its use and seek professional advice if symptoms continue.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seek advice from a healthcare professional if skin sensitivity is persistent, worsening or interfering with everyday activities, or if you experience repeated reactions to skincare products.

Professional assessment may help identify an underlying condition such as rosacea, eczema or contact dermatitis. Allergy testing may be appropriate when a contact allergy is suspected.

Seek urgent medical assistance if a reaction involves difficulty breathing or swelling of the tongue or throat.

A Gentle Approach to Skincare

Sensitive skin often benefits from listening carefully to what your skin is telling you. By choosing gentle products, recognising individual triggers and maintaining a simple skincare routine, you can support your skin's natural barrier and everyday comfort.

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Dry & Dehydrated Skin

Understanding Dry & Dehydrated Skin

Dry and dehydrated skin are often discussed together, but they describe different concerns.

Dry skin is a skin type or condition associated with insufficient natural oils and changes in the skin's protective barrier. It may feel rough, tight, flaky or uncomfortable.

Dehydrated skin describes skin that lacks sufficient water. It can occur in people with dry, normal, combination or oily skin and may be temporary.

Both concerns can occur together. In either case, maintaining the skin barrier and reducing unnecessary moisture loss are important parts of everyday skincare.

Common Signs & Symptoms

• Skin that feels tight, especially after cleansing
• Dry, rough or flaky patches
• A dull or less supple appearance
• Fine lines that appear more noticeable when skin is dehydrated
• Occasional itching or sensitivity
• Skin that feels uncomfortable in cold or dry conditions
• Temporary dryness despite an otherwise oily or combination skin type

What Can Contribute to Dry or Dehydrated Skin?

A number of environmental, lifestyle and skin-related factors can affect moisture levels and barrier function.

Common contributing factors include:

• Cold weather, wind and low humidity
• Frequent washing and prolonged hot showers
• Harsh cleansers and excessive exfoliation
• Changes in natural skin oil production
• Age-related changes in the skin barrier
• Some skincare ingredients or medical treatments
• Inadequate fluid intake or excessive fluid loss in some circumstances
• Underlying skin conditions such as eczema

Drinking sufficient water supports general health, but moisturising and protecting the skin barrier are also important. Drinking extra water alone does not necessarily correct dry skin.

Caring for Dry & Dehydrated Skin

A well-balanced skincare routine should help attract moisture to the skin, reduce moisture loss and protect the skin barrier.

• Choose gentle, fragrance-free or lightly fragranced cleansers that your skin tolerates well.
• Avoid over-cleansing and washing with very hot water.
• Apply moisturiser while the skin is still slightly damp after washing.
• Look for hydrating ingredients such as glycerin or hyaluronic acid where suitable.
• Consider barrier-supporting ingredients such as ceramides and suitable emollients.
• Use richer moisturisers when your skin feels particularly dry.
• Avoid harsh scrubs or excessive exfoliation.
• Protect your skin from sun exposure with broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen and appropriate clothing.

Choosing the Right Moisturiser

Moisturisers can contain different types of ingredients that work together to support skin hydration.

Humectants, such as glycerin and hyaluronic acid, help attract and retain water.

Emollients help soften and smooth the skin, while occlusive ingredients, such as petrolatum, help reduce water loss from the skin's surface.

Dry skin may benefit from a richer cream, while someone with oily but dehydrated skin may prefer a lighter, non-comedogenic moisturiser.

There is no single product that suits everyone. The best choice depends on your skin type, the condition of your skin barrier and how well you tolerate the formulation.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seek advice from a healthcare professional if dryness or dehydration-related symptoms are persistent, worsening, painful or accompanied by significant irritation, cracking or inflammation.

Medical assessment may be useful if skin changes develop suddenly or do not improve with appropriate skincare, as an underlying condition may need attention.

If you have signs of significant whole-body dehydration, such as marked dizziness, confusion or very little urine, seek prompt medical advice.

A Gentle Approach to Skincare

Healthy-looking, comfortable skin is supported by more than hydration alone. Gentle cleansing, suitable moisturising, protection from environmental stress and a consistent routine can all help maintain the skin's natural balance.

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Mature & Ageing Skin

Understanding Mature & Ageing Skin

Ageing is a natural part of life, and our skin changes alongside us. Over time, the skin gradually produces less collagen and elastin, natural oil production may decrease, and the skin's ability to retain moisture can change.

These changes can influence skin texture, firmness, elasticity and hydration. Fine lines, wrinkles and changes in pigmentation become more noticeable as the years pass.

Skin ageing is influenced by a combination of genetics, hormones, lifestyle and environmental exposure, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

There is no single way that mature skin should look. Wrinkles, freckles, expression lines and other visible changes are natural features of a life lived.

Common Changes in Mature Skin

• Fine lines and wrinkles becoming more noticeable
• Reduced firmness and elasticity
• Increased dryness or a feeling of tightness
• Changes in skin texture and smoothness
• Uneven skin tone or areas of pigmentation
• Skin that may appear thinner or more delicate
• Greater sensitivity to environmental conditions or certain products
• Slower recovery from minor irritation or injury

What Influences Skin Ageing?

Skin ageing reflects both natural biological changes and the effects of our environment and everyday habits.

Common contributing factors include:

• Natural changes in collagen and elastin production
• Long-term exposure to sunlight and UV radiation
• Changes in hormones, including those associated with menopause
• Reduced natural oil production and moisture retention
• Smoking and other lifestyle factors
• Environmental conditions such as wind, cold and low humidity
• Individual genetics and skin characteristics

Sun exposure is an important contributor to premature skin ageing. Protecting the skin from UV radiation supports long-term skin health as well as reducing the risk of skin cancer.

Caring for Mature Skin

Good skincare for mature skin is not about reversing age. It is about maintaining moisture, supporting the skin barrier and helping the skin remain comfortable and healthy.

• Use gentle, fragrance-free or lightly fragranced cleansers that your skin tolerates well.
• Moisturise regularly to help maintain hydration and reduce dryness.
• Choose moisturisers containing suitable ingredients such as glycerin, ceramides or other emollients.
• Avoid over-cleansing and unnecessarily harsh exfoliation.
• Use comfortably warm rather than hot water when washing.
• Apply broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen and use protective clothing and shade when outdoors.
• Introduce new skincare products gradually, particularly if your skin has become more sensitive.
• Maintain a consistent routine that suits your individual skin needs.

Supporting Skin Hydration & Comfort

As skin matures, regular moisturising may become increasingly important, particularly when natural oil production declines.

Moisturisers containing humectants can help retain water in the skin, while emollients and suitable occlusive ingredients help soften the skin and reduce moisture loss.

Some people may also choose skincare containing ingredients such as vitamin C or retinoids to address particular cosmetic concerns. These ingredients may offer benefits, but they can also cause irritation and may not be suitable for everyone.

The most effective skincare routine is one that you can use comfortably and consistently, rather than one built around a large number of products.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Age-related skin changes are normal, but not every change should automatically be attributed to ageing.

Seek advice from a healthcare professional about new or changing moles, unusual pigmentation, sores that do not heal, persistent itching or unexplained skin changes.

Any spot that changes in size, shape or colour, bleeds without an obvious reason or develops unusual features should be assessed promptly.

A Gentle Approach to Skincare

Mature skin tells the story of a lifetime. With gentle cleansing, regular moisturising, sun protection and a skincare routine suited to individual needs, we can care for our skin while embracing the natural beauty of ageing.

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Hyperpigmentation & Uneven Skin Tone

Understanding Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation occurs when areas of the skin produce or retain more pigment than the surrounding skin. This can create darker patches, spots or areas of uneven skin tone.

Skin colour is primarily influenced by melanin, a natural pigment produced by specialised cells called melanocytes. Melanin helps protect the skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and contributes to the wide variety of natural skin tones.

Hyperpigmentation can affect people of all skin colours, although certain forms are particularly common or more noticeable in people with medium to deeper skin tones.

Most hyperpigmentation is harmless, but some changes in skin colour require medical assessment to determine their cause.

Common Types of Hyperpigmentation

Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation

Dark marks can develop after the skin experiences inflammation or injury, including acne, eczema, insect bites or irritation. These marks may remain after the original condition has settled.

Melasma

Melasma causes patches of darker pigmentation, commonly on the cheeks, forehead and upper lip. It is associated with factors including sunlight, hormonal changes and genetic susceptibility.

Sun-Related Pigmentation

Repeated UV exposure can contribute to freckles, sun spots and other changes in pigmentation, particularly on areas frequently exposed to sunlight.

Common Signs & Symptoms

• Dark spots or patches on the face or body
• Uneven or patchy skin tone
• Marks that remain after acne or other inflammation
• Brown, grey-brown or darker areas of pigmentation
• Pigmentation that becomes more noticeable following sun exposure
• Gradual changes in the appearance of existing dark patches

What Can Contribute to Hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation can develop through several different processes, and identifying the underlying cause is important when considering skincare or treatment options.

Common contributing factors include:

• Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight
• Previous acne, eczema or other inflammatory skin conditions
• Skin irritation, injury or repeated friction
• Hormonal changes, including those associated with pregnancy
• Individual genetics and natural skin characteristics
• Certain medications or medical conditions
• Harsh skincare practices that trigger inflammation

Skin irritation can itself contribute to post-inflammatory pigmentation, particularly in people whose skin is more prone to developing dark marks after inflammation.

Caring for Skin with Uneven Pigmentation

Gentle skincare and consistent sun protection are important foundations for maintaining skin health and helping prevent some pigmentation concerns from becoming more noticeable.

• Choose gentle cleansers, either fragrance-free or lightly fragranced if your skin tolerates them well.
• Avoid harsh scrubbing, picking or unnecessarily irritating skincare products.
• Moisturise regularly to help maintain the skin's protective barrier.
• Use broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen when outdoors and reapply as directed.
• Seek shade and wear protective clothing or a wide-brimmed hat when exposed to strong sunlight.
• Address acne or other inflammatory skin conditions appropriately to help reduce the risk of further dark marks.
• Introduce new skincare products gradually, especially if your skin is prone to irritation.
• Seek professional advice before using stronger pigmentation treatments.

Understanding Pigmentation Treatments

Some skincare ingredients and dermatological treatments can help improve the appearance of certain forms of hyperpigmentation. Their suitability depends on the type of pigmentation, skin tone, underlying cause and individual skin sensitivity.

Ingredients such as azelaic acid, vitamin C, niacinamide and certain retinoids may be considered in appropriate skincare routines. More persistent pigmentation may require professional assessment and treatment.

However, not every dark mark responds to the same approach. Some treatments can cause irritation or worsen pigmentation if used incorrectly.

Melasma in particular can be persistent and may require ongoing management, including careful sun protection.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seek advice from a healthcare professional if you notice new, unexplained or rapidly changing pigmentation.

Any spot or mole that changes in size, shape or colour, develops an irregular appearance, bleeds or fails to heal should be assessed promptly.

Persistent pigmentation that causes concern or affects confidence may also benefit from professional advice to identify its cause and discuss appropriate options.

A Gentle Approach to Skincare

Every skin tone is unique, and natural variations in pigmentation are part of that individuality. Gentle skincare, consistent sun protection and an understanding of your skin's needs can help support healthy-looking skin while celebrating its natural character.

Sun-Damaged Skin

Understanding Sun-Damaged Skin

Sun-damaged skin refers to changes that develop over time from repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, primarily from the sun. These changes are sometimes described as photoageing.

UV radiation can affect the skin's structure, function and appearance, contributing to changes in texture, pigmentation and elasticity.

Sun damage can develop gradually over many years and affects people of all skin tones. While some changes are cosmetic, excessive UV exposure also increases the risk of skin cancer.

Common Signs & Symptoms

• Sun spots, age spots or areas of darker pigmentation
• Freckles that become more noticeable
• Fine lines and deeper wrinkles
• Rough, dry or uneven skin texture
• Reduced firmness and elasticity
• Uneven skin tone
• Visible small blood vessels
• Rough or scaly patches that may require medical assessment

What Can Contribute to Sun Damage?

The main cause is cumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation, including UVA and UVB rays.

UVA radiation contributes to skin ageing and can penetrate deeper into the skin, while UVB radiation is a major cause of sunburn. Both can damage skin cells and contribute to skin cancer.

Factors that may increase sun damage include:

• Frequent or prolonged sun exposure without adequate protection
• Outdoor work, sport and recreational activities
• Living in regions with high UV levels, including Aotearoa New Zealand
• A history of sunburn, particularly during childhood or adolescence
• Individual skin type, skin colour and genetic characteristics
• Repeated exposure to artificial UV sources, including tanning beds
• Age, as the effects of past sun exposure accumulate over time

Although fair skin is generally more susceptible to sunburn, all skin tones can experience UV damage and develop skin cancer.

Caring for Sun-Damaged Skin

While existing sun damage cannot always be reversed, appropriate skincare and consistent sun protection can help maintain skin comfort, support the skin barrier and reduce further damage.

• Choose gentle, fragrance-free or lightly fragranced cleansers that your skin tolerates well.
• Moisturise regularly to help maintain hydration and skin comfort.
• Use broad-spectrum, water-resistant SPF 50+ sunscreen when UV protection is needed, applying generously and reapplying as directed.
• Wear protective clothing, a wide-brimmed hat and UV-protective sunglasses.
• Seek shade, particularly during periods of high UV radiation.
• Avoid tanning beds and intentional sunburn.
• Avoid harsh scrubbing and excessive exfoliation, particularly when skin is irritated.
• Introduce new skincare products gradually and monitor your skin's response.

Understanding Sun Protection

Sun protection is one of the most important ways to care for skin over the long term.

In New Zealand, sun protection is recommended when the UV Index reaches 3 or above. UV radiation can be strong even when the temperature feels cool or the sky is cloudy.

Sunscreen should be used alongside protective clothing, shade and a suitable hat rather than as the only form of protection.

When outdoors, reapply sunscreen at least every two hours and after swimming, sweating or towel drying, following the product instructions.

Understanding Actinic Keratoses

Long-term sun exposure can sometimes lead to rough or scaly patches known as actinic keratoses, also called solar keratoses.

These patches commonly develop on sun-exposed areas such as the face, scalp, ears, hands and forearms.

Actinic keratoses are considered precancerous changes because some can develop into squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer.

Any persistent, unusual or changing rough patch should be assessed by a healthcare professional rather than treated as ordinary dry skin.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seek advice from a healthcare professional about new, changing or unusual skin spots, particularly those that:

• Change in size, shape, colour or appearance
• Develop irregular borders or unusual pigmentation
• Bleed, crust, become sore or fail to heal
• Appear as persistent rough or scaly patches
• Grow noticeably or become increasingly raised
• Look different from other spots on your skin

Regular skin checks are particularly important for people with significant past sun exposure, a history of sunburn, previous skin cancer or other recognised risk factors.

Early assessment of suspicious skin changes can make an important difference.

A Gentle Approach to Skincare

Our skin reflects the years we have spent outdoors, the places we have visited and the lives we have lived. Gentle skincare, regular moisturising, sun protection and attention to changing skin can help support comfort, confidence and long-term skin health.

Back to Skin Conditions & Concerns

Understanding Your Skin, Caring for Your Wellbeing

Every person's skin is unique. It reflects our whakapapa, our environment, our experiences and the natural changes that come with life.

Whether you're managing a persistent skin condition, experiencing occasional sensitivity or simply wanting to make more informed skincare choices, understanding your skin is an important first step.

At Natures Therapeutics, we believe that caring for your skin begins with knowledge, respect and a gentle approach. Inspired by the botanical traditions of Aotearoa New Zealand, we celebrate the relationship between nature, traditional knowledge and modern science.

Skincare is not about achieving perfection. It is about supporting healthy skin, maintaining comfort and finding what works for you.

Treasured for generations. Explored by science. Inspired by nature.

Explore Our Botanical Skincare

Discover our collection of naturally inspired skincare products, thoughtfully created for everyday care and wellbeing.

Explore the Natures Therapeutics Collection

Important Information: This resource is provided for general education and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Individual skin conditions and responses to skincare products vary. If you have persistent, worsening or concerning symptoms, consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Back to Skin Conditions & Concerns

Understanding Your Skin, Caring for Your Wellbeing

Every person's skin is unique. It reflects our whakapapa, our environment, our experiences and the natural changes that come with life.

Whether you're managing a persistent skin condition, experiencing occasional sensitivity or simply wanting to make more informed skincare choices, understanding your skin is an important first step.

At Natures Therapeutics, we believe that caring for your skin begins with knowledge, respect and a gentle approach. Inspired by the botanical traditions of Aotearoa New Zealand, we celebrate the relationship between nature, traditional knowledge and modern science.

Skincare is not about achieving perfection. It is about supporting healthy skin, maintaining comfort and finding what works for you.

Treasured for generations. Explored by science. Inspired by nature.

Explore Our Botanical Skincare

Discover our collection of naturally inspired skincare products, thoughtfully created for everyday care and wellbeing.

Explore the Natures Therapeutics Collection

Important Information: This resource is provided for general education and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Individual skin conditions and responses to skincare products vary. If you have persistent, worsening or concerning symptoms, consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Back to Skin Conditions & Concerns